This summer in the Midwest sure
has been a hot one. Thankfully, a break
in the oppressive temperatures appears to be here—just in time for the start of
the high school fall sports practice season.
While the weather will be relatively cooler, two-a-day practices on days
with highs in the 90s and high humidity still put athletes at risk for heat
injury. Fortunately, heat injury is
largely preventable with a little common sense.
When an athlete exercises, the
body’s temperature is elevated and the body sweats to cool itself down. Body fluid and critical electrolytes are lost
in the process. If fluids and
electrolytes are not replaced, dehydration occurs, increasing the risk of heat
injury.
Symptoms of heat injury may
include:
·
Cramps
·
Chills
·
Dark urine
·
Dizziness
·
Dry mouth
·
Weakness
·
Thirst
·
Headaches
·
Nausea and vomiting
·
Confusion
Heat-related illness can be
prevented. Athletes should stay hydrated
before, during and after exercise. Light,
loose clothing should be worn and skin should be exposed as much as possible. They should train appropriately to be ready
for the heat, usually starting with short, low intensity workouts that may
gradually increase over 7-14 days. This allows
the body to get used to the conditions safely.
Coaches and parents play an
important role in prevention, as well.
Each should strive to be able to recognize early signs of heat
injury. Practicing during the early
morning or later evening hours decreases risk.
Additionally, workouts should be altered when heat and humidity are
high, and when individual athletes are not ready for the heat.
Hydration is the most important
way to prevent heat illness. Athletes
should drink at least 16 ounces of water or sports drink one hour prior to
exercise. During exercise, they should
continue to drink regularly, about 4-8 ounces every 15-20 minutes. If an event lasts longer than one hour, or
if there will be multiple bouts of exercise in a day (like a tournament), a
drink containing carbohydrates and electrolytes should be used. Most sports drinks will do the trick. Otherwise, plain water is fine.
If you see any signs of heat
illness, you may be dealing with a life-threatening emergency. Do not hesitate to call for an ambulance
early on if an athlete seems to be in trouble.
While you are waiting, begin cooling the athlete by getting him or her
to a shaded area. Consider placing the
athlete in a pool of cold water, if available.
If not, placing ice bags or cold towels around the neck, armpits, and
groin will help. Provide cool beverages
if the athlete is able to drink. Act
quickly, as these interventions may save someone’s life.